Stage 5 | APA Institutional Effectiveness | Florida International University | FIU
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Stage 5

Improvement Strategies

The most fundamental element of assessment emerges when all of the collected data is transformed into strategies to make improvements. The following sections will describe the steps that lead to developing effective improvement strategies and will provide tips on finding new ways to improve outcomes.

Revisiting Outcomes, Methods, and Results

After collecting and analyzing the results, the next step it to review all of the outcomes and their related methods and results. In this phase, faculty, staff, and stakeholders can use this review as the foundation to establish improvement strategies that would directly impact the outcome. These collaborations can help establish a comprehensive approach to addressing possible improvements strategies that will be shared as common goals for the entire program/unit.

Questions that are important in this phase are:
  • Were the criteria met?
  • Were the results based on extremely low sample sizes?
  • Are there any weaknesses that can be identified?
  • Are there any strengths that can be identified?
  • Did the results significantly differ from previous assessment cycles or were they the same?

Conceptualizing Improvement Strategies

Improvement Strategies should:
  • Directly relate to the outcome specified
  • Describe attainable and sustainable improvement actions
  • Specify observable or measureable actions
  • List timelines by which strategies will be implemented

Note: For Student Learning Outcomes, the improvement strategies must directly address student learning (i.e. must affect or change what students learn (e.g., curriculum changes) or how students learn (e.g., changing course lectures)).

  • Student Learning Improvement Strategy Examples
    Curriculum Changes
    • Mandate or create new courses
    • Eliminate/merge course(s)
    • Change degree requirements

    Course Objectives
    • Change course descriptions
    • Change syllabi to address specific learning outcomes

    Within Course Activities
    • Add new assignments to emphasize specific competencies
    • Increase time spent on teaching certain content
    • Change themes, topics, or units

    University Resources
    • Use outside resources to enhance student learning (e.g., refer students to the Center for Academic Excellence)

    Faculty-Student Interaction
    • Publish or present joint papers
    • Provide feedback on student work, advising, office hours
    • Disseminate information (e.g. distributing newsletters, sharing publications, etc)

    Resources for Students
    • Create/maintain resource libraries for learning (e.g., books, publications)
    • Offer professional support or tutoring
    • Provide computer labs or software
  • Non-Academic Improvement Strategy Examples
    Financial
    • Obtain financial resources: funding, grants, etc.
    • Hire new faculty/staff
    • Reduce Spending

    Enrollment
    • Change recruitment efforts/tactics
    • Increase enrollment

    Policy Changes
    • Change policies, values, missions, or conceptual frameworks of a program or unit

    Services
    • Add or expand services to improve quality
    • Add or expand processes to improve efficiency

    Research and Information
    • Conduct research
    • Gather and/or disseminate information
    • Produce publications or presentations

    Professional Development
    • Create professional development opportunities
    • Attend professional conerences or workshops

    Engagement
    • Establish collaborations across stakeholders or disciplines
    • Provide services or establish links to the community

    Resources
    • Acquire new equipment, software, etc
    • Provide resources to specific groups

Implementing Improvement Strategies and Closing the Loop

The product of Step 2 (above) is a concrete and attainable improvement plan and in this step that improvement plan will be implemented and close the loop by starting the assessment process again. This component of the assessment effort is the most crucial since the purpose of assessment is to produce evidence based improvements

During this stage, it is important to keep in mind the following:
  • Implementation should be conducted as specified by the use of results that were developed in the reporting process.
  • Key faculty and staff members should be involved during the implementation process and specific roles should be designated to both initiate and keep track of this process.
  • "Closing the Loop" manifests itself after strategies have been implemented and after you have assessed the outcomes to measure the impact of the improvements.
  • It is important to note, however, that some improvements take time to manifest themselves in the assessment results:
    • Example – If the improvement strategy was to add additional reading materials to an introductory course to be able to expand students' knowledge on a certain topic, then several years may pass before the students are able to take the senior level course in which their knowledge is assessed).
  • It is critical to measure outcomes for as long as possible in order to gather longitudinal data that can provide a clearer picture of trends. If a certain outcome is not producing major changes in the data, it may be placed under dormancy, however, if should be reintegrated after a given period to reassess whether the outcome continues to be successfully met.